Research

Bio-inspired Catalysis

One of our primary research goal is to invent and develop novel enantioselective catalysts that enable transformations with fundamental synthetic interests and broad utility. Inspired by Nature, we’re particularly interested in the development of viable small molecular catalysts that operate through novel activation modes using enzymatic principles and strategies. We emphasize the physical organic investigations of these catalytic processes with a long term goal toward rational design and evolution of new catalysts. Therefore, combined experimental and theoretical approaches including DFT calculations and machine learning will be harnessed for this purpose.

Check out our reviews to find out more: Cai, M.; Zhang, R.; Yang, C.; Luo, S. Bio-inspired small molecular catalysis. Chin. J. Chem. 2023, 41, 548.

Chiral Primary Amine Catalyst

The manipulation of acid/base properties of molecules has largely shaped the field of organocatalysis with far-reaching impacts on related metal and enzyme catalysis. Our research in this area is to develop viable and reliable small molecular Lewis acid/base catalysts with broad synthetic utility. We have developed functionalized chiral ionic liquid catalysts, new concepts and strategies in asymmetric organocatalysis such as “clicked” organocatalysts, non-covalent immobilization of organocatalysts, surfactant type asymmetric organocatalyst, magnetic nano-particle supported organocatalysts and asymmetric supramolecular catalyst. Using an ethylene diamine skeleton, initially introduced by J. Hine to mimic the Nature diamine catalysis in DERA-aldolase, we successfully developed primary-tertiary diamine catalysts that both functionally and mechanistically mimic their natural counterparts. This type of catalysts turned out to be widely applied in a number of different transformations, pinpointing the power of bio-inspired design.

Carbocation Catalysis and Reaction

Carbocation chemistry is widely utilized in Nature in their marvelous construction of terpenoids. Nature’s recipe includes a phosphate anion, (usually) magnesium cations and a perfect evolved cavity to control the generation and transformation of a living carbocation. We have tried to mimic natural phosphate effect by exploring chiral phosphoric acid as dual (neutral) ligand and acid catalyst. The binary catalytic system synergistically integrates chiral phosphoric acid and Lewis acid catalyst as a result of their weakly coordinating behaviors. The resulted binary acid catalysts have enabled a number carbocation-related transformations of olefins and interesting carbocation ion pair effect has been uncovered. The chiral carbocation ion-pair strategy was further elaborated to tackle the long-pursuit asymmetric carbocation catalysis.

ortho-Quinone Catalysis

We also developed an ortho-quinone catalyst based on the natural quinone-cofactors in enzymes such as copper amine oxidase (CAO) or methanol dehydrogenase (MDH). This simple ortho-quinone is of rich redox properties to mediate multi e/H transfer. The ortho-quinone catalyst could be widely applied in the oxidative functionalization of amines and alcohols. The disclosed mechanism on e/H transfer has significant relevance in understanding the natural enzymatic process.

Physical Organic Chemistry and Machine Learning

Most synthetic reactions are developed via empirical approaches, relying on chemists’ intuition, experience, domain knowledge and occasionally serendipity. Precise and on-time prediction of chemical reactivity, a central yet enduring theme in synthetic chemistry, remains a great challenge. In the Luo group, we investigate the mechanism and underlying principles of molecular catalysis following physical organic chemistry strategies and approaches. These efforts would provide guidance to expand the catalytic applicability and to aid in methodology-development with depth not possible otherwise. We also develop machine learning tools for molecular catalysis and synthesis on the basis of physical organic chemistry. The data-driven approach, which is also rooted in the history of physical organic chemistry, represents a paradigm shift in the development and evolution of molecular catalysis. Our major research topics include:

  • Standard molecular datasets(DeepSynthesis)
  • (3D)-molecular descriptors (SPOC)
  • Close loop AI Catalysis

Review

Application of Machine Learning in Organic Chemistry

Application of Machine Learning in Organic Chemistry

Liu, Y.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 40, 3812-3827.

Recent Publications

Accurate Protein p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Prediction with Physical Organic Chemistry Guided 3D Protein Representation

Accurate Protein pKa Prediction with Physical Organic Chemistry Guided 3D Protein Representation

Siyuan Liu, Qi Yang*, Long Zhang, Sanzhong Luo*

J. Chem. Inf. Model 2024, 64, 11, 4410-4418.

Prediction of Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Based on a Machine-Learning Approach

Prediction of Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Based on a Machine-Learning Approach

Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

ChemPhysChem 2023, 24, e202300162.

An Ensemble Structure and Physicochemical (SPOC) Descriptor for Machine-Learning Prediction

An Ensemble Structure and Physicochemical (SPOC) Descriptor for Machine-Learning Prediction of Chemical Reaction and Molecular Properties

Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

ChemPhysChem 2022, 23, e202200255.

Holistic Prediction of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> in Diverse Solvents Based on Machine Learning Approach

Holistic Prediction of pKa in Diverse Solvents Based on Machine Learning Approach

Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 19282-19291.

Molecular Catalysis for Function and Energy

The nature of an innovation is that it will arise at a fringe where it can afford to become prevalent enough to establish its usefulness without being overwhelmed by the inertia of the orthodox system                                                             - Kevin Kelly

We try to expand the domain of organocatalysis to those uncharted territories, namely fringes of molecular catalysis, or molecular fringe catalysis following the concept of Kevin Kelly. We are interested in exploring chiral chemistry at both molecular and supramolecular level from the view-points of molecular catalysis. We’d like to focus new mode and function of molecular catalysis beyond bond formations. Key topics include:

  • Absolute asymmetric catalysis and synthesis
  • Stereocontrolled polymerization
  • Interphase molecular catalysis

Recent Publications

Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes

Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes

Yingdong Duan, Sanzhong Luo*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202319206.

Review

 

Asymmetric Binary Acid Catalysis

Asymmetric Binary Acid Catalysis: Chiral Phosphoric Acid as Dual Ligand and Acid

Sanzhong Luo*, Jian Lv

Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 847-858.

Recent Publications

Enantioselective SN1-type reaction via electrochemically generated chiral α-Imino carbocation intermediate

Enantioselective SN1-type reaction via electrochemically generated chiral α-Imino carbocation intermediate

Qifeng Lin, Yingdong Duan, Yao Li, Ruijun Jian, Kai Yang, Zongbin Jia, Yu Xia, Long Zhang*, Sanzhong Luo*

Nat. Commun. 2024, 15, 6900-6910.

Chiral Primary Amine Catalyst

The manipulation of acid/base properties of molecules has largely shaped the field of organocatalysis with far-reaching impacts on related metal and enzyme catalysis. Our research in this area is to develop viable and reliable small molecular Lewis acid/base catalysts with broad synthetic utility. We have developed functionalized chiral ionic liquid catalysts, new concepts and strategies in asymmetric organocatalysis such as “clicked” organocatalysts, non-covalent immobilization of organocatalysts, surfactant type asymmetric organocatalyst, magnetic nano-particle supported organocatalysts and asymmetric supramolecular catalyst. Using an ethylene diamine skeleton, initially introduced by J. Hine to mimic the Nature diamine catalysis in DERA-aldolase, we successfully developed primary-tertiary diamine catalysts that both functionally and mechanistically mimic their natural counterparts. This type of catalysts turned out to be widely applied in a number of different transformations, pinpointing the power of bio-inspired design.

Carbocation Catalysis and Reaction

Carbocation chemistry is widely utilized in Nature in their marvelous construction of terpenoids. Nature’s recipe includes a phosphate anion, (usually) magnesium cations and a perfect evolved cavity to control the generation and transformation of a living carbocation. We have tried to mimic natural phosphate effect by exploring chiral phosphoric acid as dual (neutral) ligand and acid catalyst. The binary catalytic system synergistically integrates chiral phosphoric acid and Lewis acid catalyst as a result of their weakly coordinating behaviors. The resulted binary acid catalysts have enabled a number carbocation-related transformations of olefins and interesting carbocation ion pair effect has been uncovered. The chiral carbocation ion-pair strategy was further elaborated to tackle the long-pursuit asymmetric carbocation catalysis.

ortho-Quinone Catalysis

We also developed an ortho-quinone catalyst based on the natural quinone-cofactors in enzymes such as copper amine oxidase (CAO) or methanol dehydrogenase (MDH). This simple ortho-quinone is of rich redox properties to mediate multi e/H transfer. The ortho-quinone catalyst could be widely applied in the oxidative functionalization of amines and alcohols. The disclosed mechanism on e/H transfer has significant relevance in understanding the natural enzymatic process.

Physical Organic Chemistry and Machine Learning

Most synthetic reactions are developed via empirical approaches, relying on chemists’ intuition, experience, domain knowledge and occasionally serendipity. Precise and on-time prediction of chemical reactivity, a central yet enduring theme in synthetic chemistry, remains a great challenge. In the Luo group, we investigate the mechanism and underlying principles of molecular catalysis following physical organic chemistry strategies and approaches. These efforts would provide guidance to expand the catalytic applicability and to aid in methodology-development with depth not possible otherwise. We also develop machine learning tools for molecular catalysis and synthesis on the basis of physical organic chemistry. The data-driven approach, which is also rooted in the history of physical organic chemistry, represents a paradigm shift in the development and evolution of molecular catalysis. Our major research topics include:

  • Standard molecular datasets(DeepSynthesis)
  • (3D)-molecular descriptors (SPOC)
  • Close loop AI Catalysis

Review

Application of Machine Learning in Organic Chemistry

Application of Machine Learning in Organic Chemistry

Liu, Y.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 40, 3812-3827.

Recent Publications

Accurate Protein p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Prediction with Physical Organic Chemistry Guided 3D Protein Representation

Accurate Protein pKa Prediction with Physical Organic Chemistry Guided 3D Protein Representation

Siyuan Liu, Qi Yang*, Long Zhang, Sanzhong Luo*

J. Chem. Inf. Model 2024, 64, 11, 4410-4418.

Prediction of Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Based on a Machine-Learning Approach

Prediction of Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Based on a Machine-Learning Approach

Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

ChemPhysChem 2023, 24, e202300162.

An Ensemble Structure and Physicochemical (SPOC) Descriptor for Machine-Learning Prediction

An Ensemble Structure and Physicochemical (SPOC) Descriptor for Machine-Learning Prediction of Chemical Reaction and Molecular Properties

Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

ChemPhysChem 2022, 23, e202200255.

Holistic Prediction of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> in Diverse Solvents Based on Machine Learning Approach

Holistic Prediction of pKa in Diverse Solvents Based on Machine Learning Approach

Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 19282-19291.

Molecular Catalysis for Function and Energy

The nature of an innovation is that it will arise at a fringe where it can afford to become prevalent enough to establish its usefulness without being overwhelmed by the inertia of the orthodox system                                                             - Kevin Kelly

We try to expand the domain of organocatalysis to those uncharted territories, namely fringes of molecular catalysis, or molecular fringe catalysis following the concept of Kevin Kelly. We are interested in exploring chiral chemistry at both molecular and supramolecular level from the view-points of molecular catalysis. We’d like to focus new mode and function of molecular catalysis beyond bond formations. Key topics include:

  • Absolute asymmetric catalysis and synthesis
  • Stereocontrolled polymerization
  • Interphase molecular catalysis

Recent Publications

Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes

Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes

Yingdong Duan, Sanzhong Luo*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202319206.

The manipulation of acid/base properties of molecules has largely shaped the field of organocatalysis with far-reaching impacts on related metal and enzyme catalysis. Our research in this area is to develop viable and reliable small molecular Lewis acid/base catalysts with broad synthetic utility. We have developed functionalized chiral ionic liquid catalysts, new concepts and strategies in asymmetric organocatalysis such as “clicked” organocatalysts, non-covalent immobilization of organocatalysts, surfactant type asymmetric organocatalyst, magnetic nano-particle supported organocatalysts and asymmetric supramolecular catalyst. Using an ethylene diamine skeleton, initially introduced by J. Hine to mimic the Nature diamine catalysis in DERA-aldolase, we successfully developed primary-tertiary diamine catalysts that both functionally and mechanistically mimic their natural counterparts. This type of catalysts turned out to be widely applied in a number of different transformations, pinpointing the power of bio-inspired design.

Review

Bio-inspired Chiral Primary Amine Catalysis

Bio-inspired Chiral Primary Amine Catalysis

Long Zhang, Sanzhong Luo*

Synlett 2012, 23, 1575-1589.

Pushing the limits of aminocatalysis

Pushing the limits of aminocatalysis: Enantioselective Transformations of α-Branched β-ketocarbonyls and vinyl ketones by chiral primary amines.

Long Zhang, Niankai Fu, Sanzhong Luo*

Acc. Chem. Res. 2015, 48, 986-997.

Recent Publications

Deracemization through photochemical E/Z isomerization

Deracemization through photochemical E/Z isomerization of enamines.

Mouxin Huang, Long Zhang, Tianrun Pan, Sanzhong Luo*

Science 2022, 375, 869-874.

Asymmetric C–H Dehydrogenative Allylic Alkylation

Asymmetric C–H Dehydrogenative Allylic Alkylation by Ternary Photoredox-Cobalt-Chiral Primary Amine Catalysis under Visible Light

Zongbin Jia, Long Zhang, Sanzhong Luo*

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2022, 144, 10705–10710.

Chiral Primary Amine/Ketone Cooperative Catalysis

Chiral Primary Amine/Ketone Cooperative Catalysis for Asymmetric α-Hydroxylation with Hydrogen Peroxide

Mao Cai, Kaini Xu, Yuze Li, Zongxiu Nie, Long Zhang*, Sanzhong Luo*

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2021, 143, 1078-1087.

Catalytic Asymmetric Disulfuration

Catalytic Asymmetric Disulfuration by a Chiral Bulky Three-Component Lewis Acid-Base

Qi Zhang, Yao Li, Long Zhang, Sanzhong Luo*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 10971-10976.

Chiral Primary Amine/Palladium Synergistic Catalysis

π-Coordinating Chiral Primary Amine/Palladium Synergistic Catalysis for Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation

Yaning Wang, Junli Chai, Chang You, Jie Zhang, Xueling Mi, Long Zhang*, Sanzhong Luo*

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2020, 142, 3184-3195.

Chiral Primary Amine Catalyst

The manipulation of acid/base properties of molecules has largely shaped the field of organocatalysis with far-reaching impacts on related metal and enzyme catalysis. Our research in this area is to develop viable and reliable small molecular Lewis acid/base catalysts with broad synthetic utility. We have developed functionalized chiral ionic liquid catalysts, new concepts and strategies in asymmetric organocatalysis such as “clicked” organocatalysts, non-covalent immobilization of organocatalysts, surfactant type asymmetric organocatalyst, magnetic nano-particle supported organocatalysts and asymmetric supramolecular catalyst. Using an ethylene diamine skeleton, initially introduced by J. Hine to mimic the Nature diamine catalysis in DERA-aldolase, we successfully developed primary-tertiary diamine catalysts that both functionally and mechanistically mimic their natural counterparts. This type of catalysts turned out to be widely applied in a number of different transformations, pinpointing the power of bio-inspired design.

Carbocation Catalysis and Reaction

Carbocation chemistry is widely utilized in Nature in their marvelous construction of terpenoids. Nature’s recipe includes a phosphate anion, (usually) magnesium cations and a perfect evolved cavity to control the generation and transformation of a living carbocation. We have tried to mimic natural phosphate effect by exploring chiral phosphoric acid as dual (neutral) ligand and acid catalyst. The binary catalytic system synergistically integrates chiral phosphoric acid and Lewis acid catalyst as a result of their weakly coordinating behaviors. The resulted binary acid catalysts have enabled a number carbocation-related transformations of olefins and interesting carbocation ion pair effect has been uncovered. The chiral carbocation ion-pair strategy was further elaborated to tackle the long-pursuit asymmetric carbocation catalysis.

ortho-Quinone Catalysis

We also developed an ortho-quinone catalyst based on the natural quinone-cofactors in enzymes such as copper amine oxidase (CAO) or methanol dehydrogenase (MDH). This simple ortho-quinone is of rich redox properties to mediate multi e/H transfer. The ortho-quinone catalyst could be widely applied in the oxidative functionalization of amines and alcohols. The disclosed mechanism on e/H transfer has significant relevance in understanding the natural enzymatic process.

Physical Organic Chemistry and Machine Learning

Most synthetic reactions are developed via empirical approaches, relying on chemists’ intuition, experience, domain knowledge and occasionally serendipity. Precise and on-time prediction of chemical reactivity, a central yet enduring theme in synthetic chemistry, remains a great challenge. In the Luo group, we investigate the mechanism and underlying principles of molecular catalysis following physical organic chemistry strategies and approaches. These efforts would provide guidance to expand the catalytic applicability and to aid in methodology-development with depth not possible otherwise. We also develop machine learning tools for molecular catalysis and synthesis on the basis of physical organic chemistry. The data-driven approach, which is also rooted in the history of physical organic chemistry, represents a paradigm shift in the development and evolution of molecular catalysis. Our major research topics include:

  • Standard molecular datasets(DeepSynthesis)
  • (3D)-molecular descriptors (SPOC)
  • Close loop AI Catalysis

Review

Application of Machine Learning in Organic Chemistry

Application of Machine Learning in Organic Chemistry

Liu, Y.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

Chin. J. Org. Chem. 2020, 40, 3812-3827.

Recent Publications

Accurate Protein p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Prediction with Physical Organic Chemistry Guided 3D Protein Representation

Accurate Protein pKa Prediction with Physical Organic Chemistry Guided 3D Protein Representation

Siyuan Liu, Qi Yang*, Long Zhang, Sanzhong Luo*

J. Chem. Inf. Model 2024, 64, 11, 4410-4418.

Prediction of Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Based on a Machine-Learning Approach

Prediction of Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity Based on a Machine-Learning Approach

Liu, Y.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

ChemPhysChem 2023, 24, e202300162.

An Ensemble Structure and Physicochemical (SPOC) Descriptor for Machine-Learning Prediction

An Ensemble Structure and Physicochemical (SPOC) Descriptor for Machine-Learning Prediction of Chemical Reaction and Molecular Properties

Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

ChemPhysChem 2022, 23, e202200255.

Holistic Prediction of p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> in Diverse Solvents Based on Machine Learning Approach

Holistic Prediction of pKa in Diverse Solvents Based on Machine Learning Approach

Yang, Q.; Zhang, L.*; Luo, S. Z.*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 19282-19291.

Molecular Catalysis for Function and Energy

The nature of an innovation is that it will arise at a fringe where it can afford to become prevalent enough to establish its usefulness without being overwhelmed by the inertia of the orthodox system                                                             - Kevin Kelly

We try to expand the domain of organocatalysis to those uncharted territories, namely fringes of molecular catalysis, or molecular fringe catalysis following the concept of Kevin Kelly. We are interested in exploring chiral chemistry at both molecular and supramolecular level from the view-points of molecular catalysis. We’d like to focus new mode and function of molecular catalysis beyond bond formations. Key topics include:

  • Absolute asymmetric catalysis and synthesis
  • Stereocontrolled polymerization
  • Interphase molecular catalysis

Recent Publications

Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes

Phase-Transfer Catalysis for Electrochemical Chlorination and Nitration of Arenes

Yingdong Duan, Sanzhong Luo*

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2024, 63, e202319206.